Inappropriate referring

Referring Relationships

Images are not simply sets of objects: each image represents a web of interconnected relationships. These relationships between entities carry semantic meaning and help a viewer differentiate between instances of an entity. For example, in an image of a soccer match, there may be multiple persons present, but each participates in different relationships: one is kicking the ball, and the other i...

Inappropriate ICD Shocks for Inappropriate Reasons

ICD shocks can result from a variety of etiologies; determining the proper etiology of the inappropriate shock is essential for correction of the problem. Electromagnetic interference (EMI) can mimic cardiac signals and cause inappropriate defibrillator shocks. We present two cases of inappropriate ICD shocks due to EMI and reversal of the proximal and distal DF-1 lead terminals of the ICD lead...

Against Structured Referring Expressions

Generating Contrastive Referring Expressions

The referring expressions (REs) produced by a natural language generation (NLG) system can be misunderstood by the hearer, even when they are semantically correct. In an interactive setting, the NLG system can try to recognize such misunderstandings and correct them. We present an algorithm for generating corrective REs that use contrastive focus (“no, the BLUE button”) to emphasize the informa...

Referring Via Document Parts

Documents in a wide range of genres often contain references to their own sections, pictures etc. We call such referring expressions instances of Document Deixis. The present work focuses on the generation of Document Deixis in the context of a particular kind of natural language generation system in which these descriptions are not specified as part of the input, i.e., when it is up to the sys...